Naturalistic Decision Making Researchers in Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) have found that the processes and strategies of naturalistic decision making differ from those revealed in traditional decision research. NDM has emerged as a research field specifically for studying decision making in dynamic settings such as command and control of peace operations. There are four key features of NDM: dynamic and continually changing conditions, real-time reactions to these changes, ill-defined goals and ill-structured tasks, and knowledgeable decision makers. NDM provides a new approach for understanding and supporting decision makers as they work in these complex, time-pressured, and high-risk environments. An NDM framework provides a perspective for understanding command decision making in complex organizations such as the Combined Joint Task Force and for supporting this decision making in a variety of operations including peace operations. This volume was published as a result of the Second Conference on NDM held in 1994 and contains chapters written by researchers and applied practitioners. Domains discussed include command and control, management, decision-aiding, health care, aviation, and manufacturing. Theoretical and methodological foundations include the study of expert-novice differences, examination of the role of recognition processes and situation assessment in problem solving, examination of hypothesis formation and testing in real-world situations, and examination of decision-making strategies in emergency situations.