Decision Making In Action: Models and Methods Researchers in Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) have found that the processes and strategies of naturalistic decision making differ from those revealed in traditional decision research. NDM has emerged as a research field specifically for studying decision making in dynamic settings such as command and control of peace operations. There are four key features of NDM: dynamic and continually changing conditions, real-time reactions to these changes, ill- defined goals and ill-structured tasks, and knowledgeable decision makers. NDM provides a new approach for understanding and supporting decision makers as they work in these complex, time- pressured, and high-risk environments. An NDM framework provides a perspective for understanding command decision making in complex organizations such as the Combined Joint Task Force and for supporting this decision making in a variety of operations including peace operations. This book was published as a result of the first of two conferences on NDM. The first conference convened in 1989;the second in 1994. (For the citation from the second conference see Zsambok and Klein, 1996.) This volume contains five sections which describe: theoretical background, models of NDM, method of NDM research, applications of NDM models, and a review of progress.