"Peace operations differ in significant ways from traditional combat missions. As a result of these unique characteristics, command arrange-ments become far more complex. The stress on command and control arrangements and systems is further exacerbated by the mission's increased political sensitivity. Current JTF headquarters need to be augmented in a number of different ways to make them more effective in a coalition peace operations environment. Peace operations encompass a range of disparate missions, including humanitarian assistance, traditional peacekeeping (UN Chapter VI), and peace enforcement (UN Chapter VII). By far the most difficult and complex situations for command and control are so-called ""Chapter VI.V"" missions that is, unstable Chapter VI missions that threaten to be transformed into Chapter VII situations. These operations differ significantly from ""traditional"" military missions in a number of fundamental ways, including: 1) the compression of strategic, operational, and tactical decisions and processes; 2) the ad hoc nature of command, force, and sustainment arrangements; 3) the lack of unity of command or even purpose; and 4) the addition of a civil-military dimension."