Table of Contents

Foreword

Track 1: C2 Organizational Design and Analysis
Track Chair: Bill Vaughan, Office of Naval Research

Track 2: C2 Modeling Simulation and Experimentation
Track Chair: Daniel Serfaty, APTIMA, Inc.

Track 3: C2 Decision Making and Cognitive Analysis
Track Chair: Alexander Woodcock, Synectics Corporation

Track 4: Information Technology
Track Chair: Otto Kessler, DARPA/ISO

Track 5: Interoperability Coalition and Doctrine
Track Chair: Rob Porter, Autometric, Inc.

Track 6: Applications and Decision Aids
Track Chair: Allen Murashige, Headquarters US Air Force/XOCS


Track 1: C2 Organizational Design and Analysis

Alexander H. Levis, George Mason University

Bill Vaughan, Office of Naval Research

Analytic Model Driven Organizational Design and Experimentation in Adaptive Command and Control

Yuri N. Levchuk, University of Connecticut

Krishna R. Pattipati, University of Connecticut

David L. Kleinman, University of Connecticut

On Generating Hypotheses using Computer Simulations

Kathleen M. Carley, Carnegie Mellon University

The Art of Designing Model Based Experiments

Elliot Entin, ALPHATECH, Inc.

Daniel Serfaty, APTIMA, Inc.

The Use of Simulation Models in Model Driven Experimentation

Holly A. H. Handley, George Mason University

Zainab R. Zaidi, George Mason University

Alexander H. Levis, George Mason University

The A2C2 Experimental Concept

William G. Kemple, Naval Postgraduate School

David L. Kleinman, Naval Postgraduate School

Gary Porter, Naval Postgraduate School

Susan Hocevar, Naval Postgraduate School

Evaluating Human Performance in Command and Control Environments

Susan G. Hutchins, Naval Postgraduate School

William G. Kemple, Naval Postgraduate School

Gary R. Porter, Naval Postgraduate School

Michael G. Sovereign, Naval Postgraduate School

Person-Team Fit: A Structural Approach

John R. Hollenbeck, Michigan State University

Daniel R.Ilgen, Michigan State University

Lori Sheppard, Michigan State University

Aleks Ellis, Michigan State University

Henry Moon, Michigan State University

Bradley West, Michigan State University

Lessons Learned from the A2C2 Experience

Daniel Serfaty, Aptima, Inc.

A Multi-Functional Software Environment for Modeling Complex Missions and Devising Adaptive Organizations

Yuri N. Levchuk, University of Connecticut

Jie Luo, University of Connecticut

Georgiy M. Levchuk, University of Connecticut

Krishna R. Pattipati, University of Connecticut

David L. Kleinman, University of Connecticut

Designing Optimal Organizational Structures for Combat Information Centers in the Next Generation of Navy Ships

Michael J. Paley, Aptima, Inc.

Yuri N. Levchuk, Aptima, Inc.

Daniel Serfaty, Aptima, Inc.

Jean MacMillan, Aptima, Inc.

Designing the Information Space and Physical Layout for a Command Center Based on an Optimized Organizational Structure

Jean MacMillan, Aptima, Inc.

Michael J. Paley, Aptima, Inc.

Yuri N. Levchuk, Aptima, Inc.

Daniel Serfaty, Aptima, Inc.

A Typology for C2 Measures

Kathleen M. Carley, Carnegie Mellon University

David Krackhardt, Carnegie Mellon University

Optimized Command and Control Architectures for Improved Process and Performance

Elliot E. Entin, ALPHATECH, Inc.

Assessments of Simulated Performance of Alternative Architectures for Command and Control: The Role of Coordination

Susan P. Hocevar, Naval Postgraduate School

William G. Kemple, Naval Postgraduate School

David L. Kleinman, Naval Postgraduate School

Gary Porter, Naval Postgraduate School

Using MTWS for Human-in-the-Loop C2 Organizational Experiments

LT Joan M. Wollenbecker, Naval Postgraduate School

William G. Kemple, Naval Postgraduate School

David L. Kleinman, Naval Postgraduate School

Gary Porter, Naval Postgraduate School

Susan Hocevar, Naval Postgraduate School

A Methodological Approach to the Design of Advanced Maritime Command and Control Concepts

Hans L.M.M. Maas, TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory

Hans E. Keus, TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory

Battlespace Digitization – Coping with Uncertainty in the Command Process

Anthony Alston, DERA

Patrick Beautement, DERA

Technology for Rapidly Adaptable Command and Control (C2) Systems

Roger J. Dziegiel, Jr., AFRL/IFTD

Capt. Jonathan C. Clough, AFRL/IFSA

Autonomous Agents with Application to the Evaluation of Organizational Structures

Michael L. Curry, ALPHATECH, Inc.

Analysis of Team Communications in "Human-in-the-Loop" Experiments in Joint Command and Control

Susan G. Hutchins, Naval Postgraduate School

Susan P. Hocevar, Naval Postgraduate School

William G. Kemple, Naval Postgraduate School

Cognitive Work Analysis of the Command and Control Work Domain

Moira Chin, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Penelope Sanderson, Swinburne Computer-Human Interaction Laboratory,

Marcus Watson, Swinburne Computer-Human Interaction Laboratory

 


Track 2: C2 Modeling Simulation and Experimentation

Colleen M. Gagnon, Metron, Inc.

Dr. William K. Stevens, Metron, Inc.

CATS 4.0 – A component-based Platform for Simulation

Stefan Lundmark, Mandator Simulation and Training

Structured Systems Evolution: Employing dynamic, executable architectures

Stanley G. Beckner, The MITRE Corporation

Raymond A. Beamer, The MITRE Corporation

Leveraging the HLA and the DII COE To Build a Simulation-Based Framework for C2 System Integration and Test

R. Douglas Flournoy, The MITRE Corporation

Enhancing Operational Effectiveness Through the Integration of Planning & Simulation Technology

Dr. Roberto Desimone, DERA

Lt Col (Ret.) Mark Illingworth

Mark Round, DERA

Scenario Technology for Planning C2 Exercises

Carla Burns, Air Force Research Laboratory

Using Army Force-on-Force Simulations to Stimulate C4I Systems for Testing and Experimentation

Michael R. Hieb, Ph.D., AB Technologies

Lieutenant Colonel Donald H. Timian, Army Model and Simulation Office

JWARS Approaches to the Representation and Analysis of C4ISR

Mr. Denis Clements, GRCI

LTC Dan Maxwell, OSD PA&E, JWARS Office

Dr. Jim Metzger, JWARS Office

Command and Control System Requirements Generation: Reuse by Pragmatism – a Case Study

D. F. Dean, DERA

Intelligent Agent Technology in Command and Control Environment

Edward Dawidowicz, US Army CECOM

Lessons Learned from Information Superiority Experiment 1.1 (ISX 1.1)

Dr. David S. Alberts, OASD (C3I)

Dr. F. Russell Richards, The MITRE Corporation

Dr. Stuart H. Starr, The MITRE Corporation

ODP-based Improvements of C4ISR-AF

Jan Øyvind Aagedal, SINTEF Telecom and Informatics

Arne-Jørgen Berre, SINTEF Telecom and Informatics

Bjørn W. Bjanger, SINTEF Telecom and Informatics

Tor Neple, SINTEF Telecom and Informatics

Camilla Bårnes Roark, CCIS House

Identifying and Addressing User Needs: A Preliminary Report on the Command and Control Requirements for CJTF Staff

Ronald A. Moore, Pacific Science & Engineering Group, Inc.

M. Gene Averett, Pacific Science & Engineering Group, Inc.

Development of a Naval Air Warfare Decision Support Interface Using Rapid Prototyping Techniques

Mark St. John, Pacific Science & Engineering Group, Inc.

Daniel I. Manes, Pacific Science & Engineering Group, Inc.

Ronald A. Moore, Pacific Science & Engineering Group, Inc.

C.A.P. Smith, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center

Design Evaluation and Technology Transition: Moving Ideas From the Drawing Board to the Fleet

Jeffrey Morrison, SPAWAR Systems Center

Ronald Moore, Pacific Science & Engineering Group, Inc.

 


Track 3: C2 Decision Making and Cognitive Analysis

Dr. James E. Heath, Land Information Warfare Activity

Dr. Alexander E. R. Woodcock, Synectics Corporation

Q-Analysis of Inter-Ethnic Relationships Can Support Information Operations

Dr. Alexander E. R. Woodcock, Synectics Corporation

Dr. James E. Heath, Land Information Warfare Activity

Information Management Functions of Joint Command: Six Enduring Keys to Mission Success in a Changing World Environment

Professor John R. Ballard, Ph.D., Armed Forces Staff College, National Defense College

What Makes Decision Tasks Difficult?

Susan S. Kirschenbaum, Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport

Clarifying the Concepts of Control and of Command

Carol McCann, Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine

Ross Pigeau, Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine

Using Microworlds to Study Intuitive Battle Dynamics: A concept for the future

Henrik Friman, The Swedish National Defence College

Berndt Brehmer, The Swedish National Defence College

Modeling Problem-Solving in Natural Settings

Gert Dörfel, Research Institute for Communication, Information Processing, and Ergonomics

Helmut Distelmaier, Research Institute for Communication, Information Processing, and Ergonomics

Bernhard Döring, Research Institute for Communication, Information Processing, and Ergonomics

A Recognitional Planning Model

John Schmitt

Gary Klein, Ph.D, Klein Associates, Inc.

Decision Making and Currency for C2 Systems

Fergus O’Brien, Software Engineering Research Centre

John O’Neill, RIACS, NASA Ames Research Centre

Doctrine and Command in the Swedish Armed Forces
NOTE: This is an amended version of the paper 7/20/99

Johan Lagerlöf, National Defence Research Establishment (FOA)

Krister Pallin, National Defence Research Establishment (FOA)

Social Learning in the Australian Defence Force: A Pilot Study

Ronnie Gori, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Katerina Agostino, Macquarie University

Leoni Warne, DSTO C3 Research Center

Self-Development and the Art of Battle Command

James C. Madigan, Operational Architecture, TRADOC Program, Integration Office for Army Battle Command Systems (OA, TPIO-ABCS)

From Cognitive Task Analysis to Simulation: Developing a Synthetic Team Task for AWACS Weapons Directors

Stephen Hess, Aptima, Inc.

Jean MacMillan, Aptima, Inc.

Daniel Serfaty, Aptima, Inc.

Linda Elliott, Air Force Research Laboratory

Measurement of AWACS Team Performance in Distributed Mission Scenarios

Linda R. Elliott, Air Force Research Laboratory

Rebecca Cardenas, NTI, Inc.

Samuel G. Schiflett, Air Force Research Laboratory

Relating Large and Small in C2 and Operations

Robert W. Anthony, Ph.D, Institute for Defense Analyses

Keys to Joint Task Force Decision Making During Current Operations

Jim Murphy, Dynamics Research Corporation

Dr. Dennis K. Leedom, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

Dr. Leonard Adelman, George Mason University

Jack Glasgow, Dynamics Research Corporation

Decision Support System Engineering for Time Critical Targeting

Dorothy Pedersen, The MITRE Corporation, USA

Dr. James R. Van Zandt, The MITRE Corporation, USA

Dr. Alan L. Vogel, The MITRE Corporation, USA

Dr. Marlene R. Williamson, The MITRE Corporation, USA

Confrontation Analysis: a Command and Control System for Conflicts Other than War

Peter Murray-Jones, DERA, UK

Nigel Howard, ISCO Ltd, UK

Analysis to Support Change and Continuity in Future Command and Control
NOTE: This is the paper in its entirety not previsouly printed.

Graham Mathieson, DERA, UK


Track 4: Information Technology

John Campbell, J C Consulting (UK) Ltd

Layered Information Correlation and Aggregation Architecture

Peter A. Smyton, The MITRE Corporation

Architecture Practice Study for C4I System Development

Pin Chen, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Abdel El-Sakka, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Jennie Clothier, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Creating Structures for Network-Centric Warfare: Perspectives from Organization Theory

Kishore Sengupta, Naval Postgraduate School

Carl R. Jones, Naval Postgraduate School

Organizational Fitness of a Proposed Network Centric Organization

LCDR R. Alistair Borchert, Naval Postgraduate School

Professor Carl R. Jones, Naval Postgraduate School

The Development of the United Kingdom’s Single Army Activity Model and Associated Information Needs and Its Relationship to Command and Control

Lt Col Geoffrey H Hunt, Ministry of Defence

Maj. Kevin E. Galvin, Ministry of Defence

Stephen Strefford, The Smith Group

Charles M. Lane, Hi-Q Systems

Underpinning the RMA – Advancements in the Transformation of Information into Knowledge for Command and Control

Donald G. Owen, Joint C4ISR Battle Center

LT Anthony Saenz, USN, Joint C4ISR Battle Center

Mark R. Sinclair, Joint C4ISR Battle Center

Distributed Computation in the Digitized Battlefield

Dr. Susanta P. Sarkar, VETRONICS Laboratory

Paul Richardson, VETRONICS Laboratory

Using Agents to Exploit Heterogeneous Parallelism on High Performance Computers

Mark H. Linderman, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFTC

Extreme Simulation of C4ISR Communications and Networking

Donald M. Leskiw, The Ultra Corporation, USA

Donald R. Pflug, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFGC

Alex F. Sisti, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFSB

A Decision- Aid for Nodes in Command and Control Systems Based on Cognitive Probability Logic

Dr. I. R. Goodman, SPAWARSYSCEN

Probabilistic Reasoning Using Incomplete and Singular or Unique Evidence: Complexity-Based Reasoning Innovation for Commanders

LTC Carl W. Hunt, George Mason University

Dr. David A. Schum, Ph.D., George Mason University

The Interactive Data Wall

Peter A. Jedrysik, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFSA

Jason Moore, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFSB

1Lt Mark R. Brykowytch, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFSB

Richard Sweed, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFSA

Dynamic C2 Application of Imagery and GIS Information Using Backend Repositories

John Hildebrandt, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Mark Grigg, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Scott Bytheway, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Robert Hollemby, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Simeon James, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Affordable C2 Hardware and Software

Marc J. Pitarys, AFRL/IFTA

Dr. Gregory D. Peterson, FTL Systems

Future Army Tactical Operation Center Concept

Dr. Philip J. Emmerman, Army Research Laboratory

Albert Rodriguez, US Army, CECOM

Joseph Johnson, PEO C3S

John Grills, Army Research Laboratory

Configurable Aerospace Command and Control

Anthony M. Newton, Air Force Research Laboratory

Capt. Jonathan C. Clough, Air Force Research Laboratory

Intelligent C2 Information Technology

Craig S. Anken, Air Force Research Laboratory

New Approaches C4I Data Warehousing for Crisis Action – Synchronization, Replication, Sustainment Design Implications

Robert Babiskin, SAIC


Track 5: Interoperability Coalition and Doctrine

Dr. Raymond J. Curts, CDR, USN (Ret.), Strategic Consulting Inc.

Dr. Douglas E. Campbell, LCDR, USNR-R (Ret.), Syneca Research Group, Inc.

Alternative Concepts for Battlefield Command and Control Organisations

Major J. P. Storr, United Kingdom Ministry of Defence

A Basis for Joint Interoperability

Lieutenant Colonel John A. Hamilton, Jr., Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command

Major Jeanne L. Murtagh, Air Force Institute of Technology

Colonel John C. Deal, Office of the Director for Command, Control, Communications and Computers

Multi-National Coalition Command and Control – Beyond NATO
NOTE: This is an amended version of the paper 7/20/99

RADM Gary F. Wheatley, USN (Ret.), Evidence Based Research, Inc.

Diana G. Buck, Evidence Based Research, Inc.

Organisational Interoperability Maturity Model for C2

Thea Clark, DSTO C3 Research Centre

Richard Jones, Lloyd Jones Consulting Pty Ltd

Making a C2 Information System Platform Independent by Using Internet and Middleware Technologies

Gerhard Bühler, Research Establishment for Applied Sciences

Heinz Faßbender, Research Establishment for Applied Sciences

Allied C4I Interoperability with the Joint Internet Controller

Alfred W. Mitchell, Science Applications International Corporation

Exploitation of Web Technologies for C2

Sheldon Gardner, Naval Research Laboratory

Hubert D. Callihan, NetSpace Corporation

John A. Balash, NetSpace Corporation

Michael A. Saverino, NetSpace Corporation

EVITA – A Model for Collaborative Coalition Planning

Rob Porter, Autometric, Inc.

The Role of a Distributed Interactive Collaboration Environment (DICE) for Interagency/Military Training

Julia Loughran, ThoughtLink, Inc.

Marcy Stahl, ThoughtLink, Inc.

Information Operations in Coalition Warfare

Christon

Russian Views On IW, EW, and Command and Control: Implications for the 21st Century

Mary C. FitzGerald, Hudson Institute

"Help! I’ve been attacked" Researching Ways to Recover a Command and Control System Following an Information Warfare Attack

Colin L. Nash, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency

Cathy K. Piggott, Northrop Grumman Corporation

Global Connectivity to Aerospace Forces Via SATCOM

William G. Cook, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFGCZ

Default Operational Representations of Military Organizations for Joint and Coalition Operations

Dr. Sam Chamberlain, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

A Process for the Development of a Security Architecture for an Enterprise Information Technology System
NOTE: This is a paper that was not previously printed.

Dr. Charles L. Smith, Sr., SenCom Corporation


Track 6: Applications and Decision Aids

LTC Wayde L. Sumerix, TRADOC Program Integration Office-Army Battle Command Systems

Thomas L. Douthitt, TRADOC Program Integration Office-Army Battle Command Systems

Sylvia L. Sass, TRADOC Program Integration Office-Army Battle Command Systems

James C. Madigan, TRADOC Program Integration Office-Army Battle Command Systems

Army Digitization Operational Impacts

Fred P. Stein, MITRE Corporation

C2 of Space: The Key to Full Spectrum Dominance

Lt Col Paul W. Phister, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Air Force Research Laboratory

Igor Plonisch, Air Force Research Laboratory

JADE: A Tool for Rapid Crisis Action Planning

Alice M. Mulvehill, GTE/BBN Technologies

Joseph A. Caroli, Air Force Research Laboratory/IFTB

The Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aid: A Common Software Tool to Assist in Command and Control Decision Making

David Sauter, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

Mario Torres, U.S. Army Research Laboratory

Jim Brandt, U. S. Army Research Laboratory

Steve McGee, New Mexico State University

Toward Assessing the Impact of TADMUS Decision Support System and Training on Team Decision Making
NOTE: This is the paper in its entirety not previously printed.

Joan Hall Johnston, NAWCTSD

CAP Smith, NAVAIR

Carol Paris, NAWCTSD

Developing a Command and Control Application: Lessons Learned from FLEX

Albert G. Frantz, Air Force Research Laboratory

Thomas A. Clark, Air Force Research Laboratory

Capt. Howard T. Waller, USAF, Air Force Research Laboratory

Patrick J. O’Neill, Air Force Research Laboratory

David A. Griffith, Air Force Research Laboratory

David L. Marks, Air Force Research Laboratory

Robert M. Flo, Air Force Research Laboratory

Risk Reduction and Cultural Change in the Procurement and Support of UK Naval Combat Systems Using Concept Proof Demonstration

Michael J. Looney, DERA

Shane Lunga, DERA

High Leverage Command and Control Functions with Critical Human Role

David Noble, Evidence Based Research, Inc.

Model-Based Measures for Over-the-Horizon Targeting with Improved Sensor-to-shooter Timeliness

Paul Labbé, Defence Research Establishment Valcartier (DREV)

Evolution of C4I System

Meng-Chyi Harn, Naval Postgraduate School

V. Berzins, Naval Postgraduate School

Luqi, Naval Postgraduate School

W. Kemple, Naval Postgraduate School

The New Configuration Management Game for UK Military Combat Systems

Michael J. Looney, DERA

George Allan, University of Portsmouth

Adapting to 21st Century Change: A New Framework for Defining Military Capabilities

Col. James Mason Brooks USAF, AC2ISRC/C2C

Willard Naslund, RAND

Methods for Transitioning from Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) Models to Object Oriented Analysis (OOA), Developed to Support the Army Operational Architecture (AOA) and an Example of Its Application:

Charles Lane, Hi-Q Systems Ltd

Major Kevin Galvin, Ministry of Defence

How to Model a Confrontation – Computer Support for Drama Theory

Luke Stubbs, ISCO, Ltd.

Nigel Howard, ISCO, Ltd.

Andrew Tait, SAIC

Global Command and Control System (GCCS) and Strategic Education at the U.S. Army War College

David Mangam, U.S. Army War College

Major Bruce Niedrauer, U.S. Army War College

Mr. William Waddell, U.S. Army War College

Mr. William Chantelau, U.S. Army War College



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